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Primary Sources	Firsthand records of events, theories, opinions, or actions.
Facts	Information based on real, provable events, or situations
Opinions	Beliefs based on personal judgments, rather than on indisputable facts
Biases	Opinions or beliefs that affect a person’s ability to make fair, unclouded judgements or decisions.
Stereotypes	Oversimplified opinions, that do not account for individual differences, abuot an entire group of people or things
Critical Reading	A reading style in which the reader carefully analyzes the text, judging its credibility and the author’s intentions, rather than simply accepting the material as fact
Purpose	AKA Main Reason for writing a particular piece
Narrative	AKA Main Reason for writing a particular piece
Expository	Introduces or explains a subject, gives groundwork information that is necessary for understanding later ideas, or analyzes information objectively
Technical	Passes along precise infrmation, usually about a specific topic, and usually in a formal or semi-formal style
Persuasive	Tries to get the reader to agree with the author
Topic	Every written work has a topic
Topic Defined	It’s the GENERAL subject matter covered by the work
Main Idea	The work’s specific message and IS the REASON that the text was written
Supporting Details	EXPLAIN the main idea
Themes	Subjects that a written work frequently touches upon
Topic Sentences	Experss the main point of a paragraph, or of a larger text structure (such as an essay or a book chapter)
USUALLY a paragraph starts with a?	Topic Sentence
Summary Sentences	Generally appear at, or near the END of a paragraph, chapterm section, or document
Logical Conclusions	An IDEA that follows from the facts or ideas presented in the text (These do NOT need to be factual true)
Interferences	A next step or logical conclusion that is NOT ACTUALLY written in the text, rather, it is deduced by the reader, based on infrmation that IS IN THE TEXT!
Historical Context	The TIME and the PLACE in which the peice was written will influence the work in some way
Text Structure	The way in which a given text is organized
PSequence	The placing of related information in close proximity or by following a pre-established layout, such as presenting ideas as a bulleted or numbered list
Problem-Solution	A style of structuring that presents the reader with a problem in one paragraph and a solution in the ent to draw the readers attention in
Cause-Effect	Structure of text where the author presents an ACTION first, and then DESCRIBES the effects that may/will result from the action
Comparison-Contrast	Author may present two different cases with the eintent of making the reader consider the two sides to the story
Description	A type of text structure that almost NEVER appears with any special formattting (It usually just appears in the middle of a paragraph)
WHY would an Author choose to use a Description text structure?	To describe or characterize a person, place, thing, or idea
Context	Consits of surrounding words, sentences, or paragraphs that usually help to reveal the word’s meaning
What is the definition of Gregarious?	Sociable
A man is putting a fence around his rectangular yard. His lot measures 13.5 Feet LONG and 47.75 Feet WIDE. The fencing comes in rolls that are 50 Feet long. Which of the following is the number of rolls of fencing the man will need to buy? 1,2,3, or 4?	3(You find this by adding up all 4 sides of the yeard: 13.5+13.5+47.75+47.75= 122.5 Feet)
Simplify the expression: 2 1/3 x 4 1/2	10 3/6 or 10 1/2   (2 1/3 x 4 1/2= 7/3 x 9/2= 63/6= 10 3/6 or 10 1/2)
Many buildings have a cornerstone that gives the date the building was completed. In Arabic numerals, which of the following dates is represented by MDCCCLIV?	1,854
A fence is being built to enclose a backyard. The yard is 150 feet WIDE by 325 feet LONG. The back of the house (325 Feet) will act as one side of the fence. Fencing sells for $13.00/foot. What will be the cost of the fence?	$8,125.00 (Add the three sides of the backyard, 150+150+325= 625 feet. Multiply the feet by the cost per foot: 625x$13.00=$8,125.00)
A symphony has 125 musicians. Seventy-five of them are women. What is the ratio of the men to the total musicians in the symphony?	(Total in symphony – women in symphony= men in symphony. So, 125-75/125= 50/125=2/5)

Which of the following is an engineering document that shows an inclusive listing of all the component
parts and assemblies making up the final product?
A.Master Production Schedule
B.Bill of Materials
C.Distribution Requirement Plan
D.Resource Requirement Plan
Answer Key: B
Question 2 of 10 10.0 Points
Your company is conducting forecasting that revolves around the current recession and expansion of the
U.S. economy. This type of forecasting can be referred to as what component of a time series?
A.Trend Variations
B.Cyclical Variations
C.Cyclical Variations
D.Random Variations
Answer Key: B
Question 3 of 10 10.0 Points
Lead Capacity Strategy is a proactive approach that adds or subtracts capacity in anticipation of future
market conditions and demand.
True
False
Answer Key: True
Question 4 of 10 10.0 Points
An ERP system is generally a multi-module application software for managing an enterprise’s internal
functional activities, as well as its suppliers and customers.
True
False
Answer Key: True
Question 5 of 10 10.0 Points
One of the goals of an effective CPFR system is to minimize the negative impacts of the bullwhip effect
on supply chains.
True
False
Answer Key: True
Question 6 of 10 10.0 Points
The term Cycle Counting is synonymous with physically counting inventory.
True
False
Answer Key: True
Question 7 of 10 10.0 Points
CPFR is more likely to succeed if companies educate their employees on the benefits of the process
changes and the disadvantages of maintaining the status quo.
True
False
Answer Key: True
Question 8 of 10 10.0 Points
A firm should always run its operations at 100 percent capacity to ensure changes affecting demand can

be met.
True
False
Answer Key: False
Question 9 of 10 10.0 Points
Associative forecasting methods are based on opinions and intuition.
True
False
Answer Key: False
Question 10 of 10 10.0 Points
The three basic production strategies for addressing the aggregate planning problem are the chase
production strategy, the level production strategy, and the mixed production strategy.
True
False

Assume the role of seasoned administrator and prepare a PowerPoint presentation for a group of first year administrator colleagues who do not yet have a strong background in school law. The presentation must provide the following:

1. A basic overview of the history of American public school law
2. The role of the federal government in establishing education laws
3. An overview of The Bill of Rights and its amendments that pertain to education.
4. A description of governance of public schools: the role of states, local boards of education, and administration
5. Reference to at least one case from each of the four textbook chapters you read this week (If you wish to use examples, the two Internet resources accessed in the introduction will be a valuable resource (Pages 403-404 in the APA Manual contain instructions and examples regarding how to cite legislative policy).

Support your presentation with at least 3 scholarly resources. In addition to these specified resources, other appropriate scholarly resources may be included.

Length: 12-15 slides (with a separate reference slide)
Notes Length: 50-100 words for each slide

Include citations for quotations and paraphrases with references in APA format and style where appropriate. Incorporate appropriate animations, transitions, and graphics as well as “speaker notes” for each slide. The speaker notes may be comprised of brief paragraphs or bulleted lists. Save the file as PPT with the correct course code information.

Your presentation should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts that are presented in the course and provide new thoughts and insights relating directly to this topic. Your paper should reflect scholarly writing and current APA standards. Be sure to adhere to Northcentral University’s Academic Integrity Policy.

Question 1 of 10 10.0 Points
Firms can safeguard customer information by doing which of the following?:
A.Allow customers to opt-in and out of mailing lists
B.Allow customers to access their accounts online to view information collected about
themselves
C.Both A & B
D.None of these
Answer Key: C
Question 2 of 10 10.0 Points
Which of the following are required elements of an effective CRM initiative?
A.Sending out promotional materials via e-mails and traditional mail to a large random group of
a potential customers
B.Segmenting customers
C.Preserving a traditional sales force that communicates with the supply-chain via a traditional
paper document/contract system
D.Preserving a traditional sales force that communicates with the supply-chain via a traditional
paper document/contract system
Answer Key: B
Question 3 of 10 10.0 Points
The application of ethical principles to business situations can be referred to as:
A.Business ethics
B.Social responsibility
C.Ethical Sourcing
D.Strategic Sourcing
Answer Key: A
Question 4 of 10 10.0 Points
Promoting diversity by intentionally buying from small firms or ethnic minority businesses. This is an
example of:
A.Supply base rationalization
B.Ethical sourcing
C.Sustainable sourcing
D.Supply base sourcing
Answer Key: B
Question 5 of 10 10.0 Points
Demands by customers for companies to become more ethically and environmentally focused have
placed added pressures on firms to improve their performance in supply chain management.
True
False
Answer Key: True
Question 6 of 10 10.0 Points
Customers of companies, using CRM applications, should not be concerned with their personal
information becoming compromised or being shared with other companies.
True
False

Answer Key: False
Question 7 of 10 10.0 Points
As customers navigate through a website CRM software can record and analyze the customer’s
clickstream so website images and ads can be tailored to the needs and desires of that individual
customer.
True
False
Answer Key: True
Question 8 of 10 10.0 Points
Segmenting customers on the basis of things like products purchased, sales history, demographic
information, and desired product features can dilute the results of a CRM program; segmenting
customers should be avoided.
True
False
Answer Key: False
Question 9 of 10 10.0 Points
Training managers and users in the key customer contact areas can help the firm decide what
customizations to the CRM applications are required.
True
False
Answer Key: True
Question 10 of 10 10.0 Points
Safeguarding customer information is a legal and ethical responsibility for any company collecting,
processing, and transmitting sensitive customer data.
True
False
Answer Key: True

The provider of choice shifted to freight because the highway system has continuously grown to provide connection between multiple states. The American government decided to invest in the interstate system by passing the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 which created a nationwide interstate Highway system. Highways provides access to rural, urban and city areas where train lines due to geographical location are not present. Due to investment in road infrastructure, advances in technology of the freight industry and high demands for perishable goods it is more cost efficient to use freight. The railroad system has a total 137,000 miles (Rail Reserve, 2014). In 2020, the highway network in the United States had a total length of around 4.17 million statute miles (Statista, 2020). Using motor freights delivers goods and supplies faster than rail, it also reduces transportation cost which are normally incurred when the final destination for supplies is not near the railroad. Using motor freight transportation is a better business model than rail because it produces more profits for transportation companies.

I think they are four reasons for increased accidents. Firstly, the number of commercial and private vehicles on our roads continue to increase annually. More vehicles increase the accident risk probability which equals more accidents. Since 1951 there has been at least four million new vehicles on our highways annually (Statista, 2022). Secondly, our highway infrastructure is inadequate to support the volume of vehicle traffic. Congestion is high especially in urban areas and cities. The quality of our highway infrastructure ranked 13^th in the world (global Competitiveness Report, 2019). Potholes and overall poor road conditions increases the accident rate. Thirdly, the regulation for commercial transportation is laxed at best. Drivers circumvent the system and drive extended hours without proper rest cycle. The maintenance on commercial trucks is not standardized, companies and owners cut corners in order to save money. Preventative Maintenance checks and services should be standard for all commercial vehicles. Finally, technology has created a dependency on our cell phones. This dependency has led to both commercial drivers and private vehicle operators multitasking while driving which has increased the vehicle accident rate. Estimates indicate that drivers using cell phones look but fail to see up to 50 percent of the information in their driving environment.

Why has the provider of choice shifted from rail to motor modes? With the shift to motor freight carriers, the amount of traffic accidents have sky rocketed, please give your opinion of the reason for this.

Between technology rapidly advancing and businesses striving to move their products, transportation is vital in ensuring everything flows smoothly and, secondly, what is more cost-effective. The United States proliferated from the transcontinental railroads in the 1900s. It helped to establish what we see as a country today. It helped to build the infrastructure expansion westward and connect use coast to coast. However, despite all the past successes and current involvement in the European Union, that same passion and desire to get products, resources, and personnel to desired locations left a large gap to fill. With the advancements in motor vehicles, products can now be sent directly to the consumer, saving corporations and businesses time, money, and resources. This adaptation is still evolving presently, with future innovations being tested, such as drones and driverless vehicles. Companies at every level must understand what they have to sell and who their target audience is. It is crucial to dissect the market shift from rails to motor modes as public transportation in certain parts of the world relies heavily on railways, like in France, where my wife is from, compared to bus stations, where we both reside in North Carolina. By understanding your audience’s needs and motivators, those offering services or products adjust according to geographical, time, money, and legal restraints in order to effectively and efficiently get from point A to point B.

Having many friends and close family members being a part of the trucking industry, a consistent trend among them is the lack of maintenance times between runs and overwhelming traffic conditions. Not having the means to tend to critical maintenance readiness to avoid accidents has increased recently, with the supply-demand being as high as it is. According to McGinn, Montoya, Love & Curry Law Firm, “With an increased demand and overwhelming necessity to have trucks on the road, trucking companies often cut corners and neglect to properly maintain their vehicle in order to put more trucks into operation.”. Such a careless oversite can lead to a severe loss of life or limb, and accountability should be held from the top supervisors approving trip tickets to the individual operator.

Why has the provider of choice shifted from rail to motor modes? With the shift to motor freight carriers, the amount of traffic accidents have sky rocketed, please give your opinion of the reason for this.

In my own perceptions, there are few reasons on why the provider shifted from rail to motor modes. First, the cost of freight. It is much cheaper to haul a freight through road versus the rail transport on short distances. The rail freight will add additional cost for moving the container or freight to its final landing place. Second, convenience is another factor for motor modes as choice of transport. There are so many companies have multiple trucks that are schedule to move freight from places to another. During peak seasons, when the demand for goods is high the road transport can be arranged to meet the demands of patrons. Lastly, I would say the reliability. The road freight is far faster that the rail when freight is delivered per set schedule. Again, there many trucks that are scheduled to deliver the goods. These are just some of the benefits in shifting to motor modes.

The unfortunate truth on this road freight transport is the number of traffic accidents occurred in the highways. According to Traffic Safety Facts, there were approximately thirty-six thousand fatal accidents and over two and a half million people injured in 2019. People were killed every fifteen minutes. This statistic is beyond unimaginable. I see the benefits of the road freight, but if your life or the lives of others are in jeopardy. With this scenario, I would choose the safer option. Anything can be replaced in this world, but the lives of people are irreplaceable. There has to be a better way to improve the safety in highways.

What are the pros and cons of the current highway funding structure as related the taxes paid by motor carriers? How do you think sustainability efforts by Walmart will impact the larger logistics industry?

The funding of highway projects allows the transportation department to carry out its duties efficiently and effectively. It also finances the necessary repairs and development of the highway system. Having the essential infrastructure is beneficial for a State’s economy. Furthermore, with proper funding, the highway system can be maintained and improved to ensure that it is efficient, safe, and reliable for all users. This helps reduce congestion and enhance air quality, leading to more efficient travel for drivers and public transportation.

CONS:

A comprehensive structural fix to the country’s infrastructure system is a significant factor that has caused funding gaps. There needs to be more than the government’s highway funds to meet the needs of the country’s transportation system. This lack of adequate funds has resulted in increased wear and tear on the roads and bridges, as well as an increase in traffic congestion in urban and rural areas alike. Furthermore, this lack of proper funding has meant that many of the nation’s transportation projects and repairs need to be completed or completed.

WALMART:

Through its sustainability efforts, Walmart has been able to drive sustainability worldwide. The company has converted over 28% of its energy sources into renewable energy. It also launched a variety of products that help sustain the environment. Due to the efforts of Walmart, other companies have started to target sustainability to address environmental issues. These include Amazon and Etsy, which aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These efforts show that balancing a company’s environmental sustainability with its business cost is possible.

 

Version2

This week’s discussion topic to write about “What are the pros and cons of the current highway funding structure as related the taxes paid by motor carriers? How do you think sustainability efforts by Walmart will impact the larger logistics industry?” This is my understanding of it.

The Highway Trust Fund funds national transportation needs. US taxpayers pay into the Highway Trust Fund. Highway funding has pros and cons.

Highway funding maintains highway systems and builds effective and efficient transportation initiatives. Highway financing also maintains systems. Highway funding maintains highway systems. This is one of several benefits. It funds roadway repairs, upgrades, and maintenance. Reliable and secure infrastructure helps a state’s economy expand in the right direction. Reliable and safe infrastructure boosts economic growth.

The drawbacks are straightforward. Due to financing shortfalls caused by revenue and spending imbalances, the infrastructure system is in danger. Stakeholders cannot agree on a fundamental repair. Federal funds required other states to maintain this roadway infrastructure. The federal government invests only a little amount on highway construction. Federal funds required other states to maintain this roadway infrastructure. Another issue is how much money should go to highway construction vs public transportation. The fuel tax is the only source of funding, hence the overall amount available is much lower. Highway system stability requires balancing funding and spending and boosting revenue. Only this will achieve this purpose. Only this will accomplish this goal.